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Control system documentation

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One of the basic activity in any project is to ensure it is well documented.  Automation and control projects are no exception, though they have different and unique requirements to properly capture the requirements, outcomes, and deliverable of  the work being performed.  The International Society of Automation (ISA) has developed  standards that are broadly accepted and used across the industry as the preferred method for  documenting control systems. The purpose of this post is to highlight and present briefly the major instrumentation and control documentation required for successful project execution. The information presented in this post is according to relevant standards from ISA (International society of automation). Why do we document? Automation and control solutions become more complex and involve the inputs of and coordination with different disciplines such as process, Mechanical, Electrical,... Documentation i...
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Introduction to structure text (ST)

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The Structured Text (ST) language defined by IEC 61131-3 is a high-level language whose syntax is similar to Pascal. In general, ST is useful for implementing calculation intensive  functions and other functions that are difficult to implement in the other  languages. The ST language has a complete set of constructs to handle variable  assignment, conditional statements, iteration, and function block calling. Expressions An expression is a construct which, when evaluated, yields a value corresponding to one of the data types. Expressions are composed of operators and operands. An operand shall be a, a variable, a function invocation, or another expression. The operators of the ST language are summarized in below table.  The evaluation of an expression consists of applying the operators to the operands in a sequence defined by the operator precedence shown in below table.  The operator with highest precedence in an expression shall be applied...
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Introduction to IEC61131-3 programming languages

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IEC 61131-3 is set to standardize programming languages for industrial automation that is independent of any platform brand or automation vendor IEC 61131-3 is the third part of the IEC 61131 family which consists of nine parts as follows: Part 1: General Overview Part 2 Equipment Requirements & Tests Part 3 Programming Languages Part 4 User Guidelines Part 5 Communications Part 6 Functional Safety Part 7 Fuzzy Control Programming Part 8 Application Guidelines Part 9 Communication Interface IEC 61131-3 defines five programming languages for industrial automation: Ladder Diagram (LD) Function Block Diagram (FBD) Structured text (ST) Instruction List (IL) Sequential Function Chart (SFC) Even though ladder diagram (LD) was initially developed for programmable logic controllers (PLC) and Function block diagram (FBD) was originally developed for distributed control system (DCS), a PLC is no longer limited to Ladder Diagram (LD) and DCS is...
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